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Diary, April 1918-March 1919

 File — Box: 1, Folder: 3
Identifier: id204151

Scope and Contents

This diary spans the period of 1 April, 1918 through 31 March, 1919, with entries in English for almost every day of the year, and certain words, phrases, or dates in Hindi and, what appears to be, Urdu, one of the coofficial languages in the general area today. Following his eye operation in March, there are no entries for approximaterly three weeks. The back pages have random notes in English and Urdu. In contrast to previous diaries, the entries in this diary are shorter and there are fewer of them. During the diary's time frame, Radha Mohan Lal was a city magistrate in Jaipur. On 18 September, he mentioned he entered his second year of magistracy. He continued having much contact with the British and native government officials, but most so with "the Minister", the Chief Minister (Dewan/Diwan), at the time a position filled by Amar Nath Atal (1916 - 1922). Thus far, this diary contains the most information regarding WWI. In 1 May, 1918 entry Nazim wrote that "the Minister went to (...) join the war conference." In other May entries, he wrote that his son, Hargobind, was in a regiment that was being sent to the front. After finding out this news, the Nazim searched for a servant to accompany Hargobind to the front. And in the anticipation of Hargobind's deployment, many of the family members came to Bariely where Hargobind was at the time. On 19 May Hargobind left for the front and on 22 May embarked with his regiment from Bombay to the Suez docks (via the Gulf of Aden). Hargobind was sent to the Middle Eastern theatre of WWI. Initially he was in the city of Suez, then in "Tilkabir"/"Telilkibir"/ "Telilkibit", which most likely meant Tall all Kebir or Tel-el-Kebir (Arabic) in Lower Egypt (June), an area involved in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, "Suez" (July), Palestine and Jerusalem (end of July, August, and September), Alexandria (September and October), Ishmailia (October), Suez and Alexandria again (November & December 1918, January 1919), and finally Ishmailia and Mansoura (May and June 1919). He departed for India in June of 1919. Throughout his deployment from May 1918 to June 1919 Czar Nicholas of the Russian Empire was shot by the Revolutionaries, the British and the Allies succeeded in the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire surrendered unconditionally and signed an armistice, the Germans also surrendered and signed an armistice, the Kaiser fled for Holland, on 27 of November a Victory Day was celebrated all over India, in 1919 Gandhi's movement started gaining in importance and was causing unrest and the British mobilized for Afghanistan. Hargobind's rank and role within his regiment is not very clear from this diary, but the diary points to his fulfilling communications and/or medical roles. At the end of July and in August Hargobind was "on the line of communication" in Palestine (2 Septemeber 1918) where he was wounded. Further, the entry from 10 February 1919 reads that he was "attached to the 160th Indian Combined Field Ambulance". The news of Hargobind being wounded came via telegram from Hargobind dated either 20 or 26 of September reading that he had been wounded "superficially in the side" in Palestine, but that he was doing well and via an official report sent to Nazim by Director General of the hospital reading that he suffered shrapnel wounds to the abdominal wall. Hargobind was admitted to a hospital in Alexandria and at the beginning of October he was discharged as recovered and most probably went back to his regiment. While Hargobind's rank and role withn his regiment are not clear, we do know that his performance at the front was highly praised. Hargobind's grandfather (Nazim's father) sent a letter to Major General John Shea and received a reply in which the General gave "(...) very high testimony to Hargobind's work at the front." (27 October). The General was a British officer in the Indian Army, who fought in the Chitral Expedition, Second Boer War, and WWI. After the War and until he retired in 1932, he served in India, during which time he was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Command of the Indian Army. Throughout Hargobind's deployment, the communication between him and his father, grandfather, and other family members took place via EFM (Expeditionary Force Message) telegrams (took up to three days), Defd (Deferred) telegrams, cablegrams, letters, and packages. Hargobind's packages usually contained books, "picture postcards" (e.g. from Jerusalem or the Suez), albums (e.g. of Jerusalem), photos (e.g. on a camel with his orderly at Cairo near the Pyramids), and artifacts (e.g. an antique vase from Jerusalem), while Nazim's contained medical supplies. Other sources of news about the war and Hargobind were official reports from the front, letters from Hargobind's military superiors or doctors, and newspapers, such as the "Civil Military Gazette" listing wounded and dead soldiers and the "Pioneer". In the letter dated 8 June Hargobind mentioned that several of his letters had been detained by censors "through some mistake in writing the name of the place and his official designation", as paraphrased by his father. Mail from India going to the front was also censored. Throughout Hargobind's deployment, the Nazim received monthly payments from "D.D.O. Theerut on account of family allotment (...)" (August entries). He received these payments through January. Nazim purchased war bonds from the local post-office and hosted meetings of the War Loan Chowbiri (?) Committe with the Chief MInister, Mr. Atal, as the chair. The Nazim continued to be involved with raw materials and during the time span of this diary was responsible for their relay to His Highness, the Maharaja of Jaipur. One of the materials was sugar cane from Suharanpur. In June of 1918 the Nazim was appointed by the Council to the committee to control supplies comprising eight members of the Council, two Dewans, and him. He was also appointed to a four-member working committee for the board of civil supplies. In this dual capacity he dealt mostly with the grain market, by regulating the prices of grain. For example, on 2 October the Nazim did rounds in the grain markets and induced merchants to sell barley at a lower price, given the high and rising prices at that time. The Nazim reported a death due to Typhoid Fever, and thousands of deaths due to influenza in October and Novemeber. At the height of the epidemic over 300 people a day were dying of flu in Jaipur. On 22 October the Nazim wrote, "Everything seems to be unhinged (...)" and on the 23 October, "Very hard times. The whole town seems to be under difficulties on account of this scourge (...)." The 9 July entry enumerates Nazim's father's pension and Nazim's pay, specifically his regular pay, his "conveyance allowance" (might have meant funds for staff to transport guests to and from the train station), and "pay of 5 men". All were specified by the Council and approved by H.H. A new source of income for Nazim, on account of war, were War Bonds. On 25 August, the Nazim pronounced judgment in a case sentencing the accused to 10 years of imprisonment and a fine. On the occassion of H.H.'s birthday orders were sent to the Nazim for the release of prisoners. His clerks were responsible for working out the details of the release. On 16 October, Nazim's wife gave birth to a son (Jagdeeshwari Dayal). Two days later Mrs. Madan Muhan had a miscarriage (The Muhans were one of Nazim's closest family friends). Finally, on 17 December, Hargobind's wife gave birth to a son, "happy news" that the Nazim announced to Hargobind via a telegram listing its cost of 6.12.0. The following day he and the family doctor went to the hospital and "got a bottle of 3x Rum for Mrs. Hargobind's use". "Thanks God she is doing well", wrote the Nazim (18 December). The son died two days and four hours later of chill caught during night, as explained by the doctor (19 December). On 22 January it was announced that HM King Emperor's youngest son died. The Nazim was ordered to close the court on account of the "Royal mourning". On 9 March, Radha had an operation to remove a cataract from his left eye. Following it, he couldn't write in his diary as his eyes were bandaged and after the bandages were removed, his eyes were covered in lotion. He resumed normal functioning on 30 March when he went to see the Minister. His Highness arrived in Jaipur on 28 March.

Dates

  • Creation: April 1918-March 1919

Conditions Governing Access:

Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.

Extent

From the Collection: 0.70 Linear Feet : 6 volumes.

Language

From the Collection: English

From the Collection: Hindi

From the Collection: Urdu

Repository Details

Part of the Special Collections Research Center Repository

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